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Some excerpts from and links to Canadian
CEPA regulations
The Off-Road
Compression-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations introduce emission standards
for diesel engines used in off-road applications such as those typically found
in construction, mining, farming and forestry machines. The Regulations, under
section 160 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999),
apply to engines of the 2006 and later model year.
exemptions:
- exclusively used for
competition
- designed to be used
exclusively in underground mines (which are subject to much stricter
regulations)
- designed to be used in
military machines for use in combat or combat support
- with a per-cylinder
displacement of less than 50 cubic centimeters
- for exportation only
- installed in marine vessels
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"The option exists for Canada
to adopt its own emissions standards. However, as more than 99 percent of small
spark-ignition engines currently sold in Canada are certified to the EPA
standards, unique Canadian standards would represent an additional burden and
would conflict with the trend towards global harmonization of emission
standards. The European Union has adopted a directive for emission standards for
small spark-ignition engines that are essentially aligned with those of the U.S.
EPA" (from
the non-official Gazette version)
(refer to this link for context
and more information)
The Off-Road Small
Spark-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations (hereinafter referred to as "the
Regulations") introduce exhaust emission standards for off-road small
spark-ignition engines developing no more than 19 kW (25 hp). These engines
typically use gasoline fuel but liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas can also
be used. Small spark-ignition engines are typically found in lawn and garden
machines (hedge trimmers, brush cutters, lawnmowers, garden tractors,
snow-blowers, etc.); in light-duty industrial machines (generator sets,
welders, pressure washers, etc.); and in light-duty logging machines (chainsaws,
log splitters, shredders, etc.).
...The
Regulations, under Part 7, Division 5 of the Canadian Environmental
Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), establish Canadian emission standards
aligned with those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA) rules for small spark-ignition engines. The Regulations will apply to
engines of the 2005 and later model year.
...The
Regulations account for in-use deterioration as an engine must meet the
standards throughout its useful life. At the time of engine certification, a
manufacturer can select one of three specified useful life duration periods,
which range from 50 to 1000 hours depending on the engine class. For example,
for a class I engine, the useful life can be 125, 250 or 500 hours...
(editor's comment) won't it be nice when a manufacturer is mandated to label the
useful life of their engine? The consumer will then be able make more
intelligent purchase comparisons.
Some exemptions
Alternative
less stringent emission standards, consistent with those available under the CFR,
are available:
- for HC+NOx levels for
engines in machines used exclusively in wintertime, such as ice augers and
snow-blowers; These engines are subject to the applicable CO standard.
- for replacement engines
which are engines manufactured exclusively to replace an existing engine in a
machine for which no current model year engine with physical or performance
characteristics necessary for the operation of the machine exists;
- transition engines
that correspond to the flexibility provisions, available under the U.S. EPA
standards, for machine manufacturers to continue using an earlier engine
specification where changes to accommodate a new technology engine would be
difficult.
- for class III, IV and V when
less than 2000 engines of a particular model are sold in total in Canada to
accommodate Canada-only niche products. This new provision was introduced
following comments raised by manufacturers supplying specialized products used
by the forestry industry
Regulations, when and
what's covered for spark ignition engines:
|
Manufacture Date |
EPA Tier |
HP Range |
kW Range |
|
January 1,
2006 |
2 |
0 - 49.5 hp |
Under 37 kW |
|
January 1,
2008 |
4 |
|
January 1,
2006 |
2 |
49.6 -
100.5 hp |
37 – 75 kW |
|
January 1,
2008 |
3 |
|
January 1,
2006 |
2 |
100.6 -
174.3 hp |
75 – 130 kW |
|
January 1,
2007 |
3 |
|
January 1,
2006 |
3 |
174.4 -
750.9 hp |
130 – 560 kW |
|
January 1,
2011 |
|
|
January 1,
2006 |
2 |
> 751 hp |
> 560 kW |
Some links for more information and what others have to say about Canada's
CEPA standard:
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